See alien in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "alien"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "alien"
},
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}
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"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "aliēnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin aliēnus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French alien, aliene, from Latin aliēnus. Some forms (chiefly nominal) show assimilation to the suffix -ant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aliens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alyon",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "alean",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "alyen",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "aliand",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "aliaund",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
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"name": "head"
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},
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "alienacioun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "alienat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 10 0 2 1 0 5 8 1 2 1 1 6 2 1 1 5 5 1 15 5 0 1 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 13 8 7 8 7 25 7 0 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 12 1 1 8 6 38 12 0 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 3 0 8 62 3 0 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Property law",
"orig": "enm:Property law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
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20,
25
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84,
89
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[
84,
90
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],
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[
24,
32
],
[
95,
103
],
[
95,
104
]
],
"english": "But they don't follow a stranger; they'll flee from them instead, because they don't recognise strangers' voices.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 10:5, folio 49, verso, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "But þei ſuen not an alien · but fleen from hym .· foꝛ þei han not knowen þe vois of aliens",
"translation": "But they don't follow a stranger; they'll flee from them instead, because they don't recognise strangers' voices.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An outsider or foreign person, especially if resident in one's nation."
],
"id": "en-alien-enm-noun-EgRqtHqr",
"links": [
[
"outsider",
"outsider"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
],
[
"resident",
"resident"
]
]
},
{
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{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
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"orig": "enm:Family",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
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"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 29 0 7 0 0 26 38 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
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"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"One who is alien in some other way (e.g. religion, family)"
],
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[
"religion",
"religion#English"
],
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]
]
},
{
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"An unlawful occupier or possessor of land."
],
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[
"occupier",
"occupier"
],
[
"possessor",
"possessor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) An unlawful occupier or possessor of land."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aːliˈɛːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliɛn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliant/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliau̯nt/"
}
],
"word": "alien"
}
{
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{
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"lang_code": "en",
"word": "alien"
},
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"word": "alien"
},
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"lang_code": "sco",
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}
],
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"args": {
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"3": "alien"
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},
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}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "aliene",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aliene",
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"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
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"alternative"
]
},
{
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "alyen",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "aliand",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "aliaund",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "aliant",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "alyant",
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"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
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"8": "{{{3}}}",
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},
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},
{
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},
"expansion": "alien (plural and weak singular aliene)",
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],
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"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Outside, alien, foreign; from or relating to another nation."
],
"id": "en-alien-enm-adj-RWOju7-u",
"links": [
[
"Outside",
"outside"
],
[
"alien",
"alien#English"
],
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"foreign",
"foreign"
]
]
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{
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"Religiously outside; heretical, erring; of false religion or morals."
],
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[
"heretical",
"heretical"
],
[
"erring",
"erring"
]
]
},
{
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"Distant, isolated, secure, away (from something)"
],
"id": "en-alien-enm-adj-gMfaJxol",
"links": [
[
"isolated",
"isolated"
],
[
"away",
"away"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Under the authority of other nation's religious institutions."
],
"id": "en-alien-enm-adj-pRLpEH4H",
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[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"religious",
"religious"
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"(rare) Under the authority of other nation's religious institutions."
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Not relating to or of oneself; not natural (to one's body)."
],
"id": "en-alien-enm-adj--804UZNb",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Not relating to or of oneself; not natural (to one's body)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Bizarre, weird, exotic."
],
"id": "en-alien-enm-adj-oHRdtM~0",
"links": [
[
"weird",
"weird"
],
[
"exotic",
"exotic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Bizarre, weird, exotic."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aːliˈɛːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliɛn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliant/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliau̯nt/"
}
],
"word": "alien"
}
{
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"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "alier"
},
"expansion": "Old French alier",
"name": "bor"
}
],
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{
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"allien",
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"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
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"enm:Law",
"enm:People",
"enm:Property law",
"enm:Religion"
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"lang": "Scots",
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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},
{
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"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "aliēnus"
},
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}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "aliens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
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"form": "alean",
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"alternative"
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{
"form": "alyen",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "aliand",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "aliaund",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "aliant",
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"alternative"
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"name": "head"
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},
"expansion": "alien (plural aliens)",
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}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "alienacioun"
},
{
"word": "alienat"
},
{
"word": "alienen"
},
{
"word": "alienyng"
}
],
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{
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[
20,
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84,
89
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84,
90
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],
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24,
32
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[
95,
103
],
[
95,
104
]
],
"english": "But they don't follow a stranger; they'll flee from them instead, because they don't recognise strangers' voices.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 10:5, folio 49, verso, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "But þei ſuen not an alien · but fleen from hym .· foꝛ þei han not knowen þe vois of aliens",
"translation": "But they don't follow a stranger; they'll flee from them instead, because they don't recognise strangers' voices.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An outsider or foreign person, especially if resident in one's nation."
],
"links": [
[
"outsider",
"outsider"
],
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
],
[
"resident",
"resident"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"One who is alien in some other way (e.g. religion, family)"
],
"links": [
[
"religion",
"religion#English"
],
[
"family",
"family#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An unlawful occupier or possessor of land."
],
"links": [
[
"occupier",
"occupier"
],
[
"possessor",
"possessor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) An unlawful occupier or possessor of land."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aːliˈɛːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliɛn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliant/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliau̯nt/"
}
],
"word": "alien"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
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"Pages with entries",
"enm:Family",
"enm:Law",
"enm:People",
"enm:Property law",
"enm:Religion"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "alien"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "alien"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "awlien"
}
],
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"3": "alien"
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"name": "bor"
},
{
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"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "aliēnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin aliēnus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French alien, aliene, from Latin aliēnus. Some forms (chiefly nominal) show assimilation to the suffix -ant.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aliene",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aliene",
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"weak"
]
},
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{
"form": "alean",
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]
},
{
"form": "alyen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "aliand",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "aliaund",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "aliant",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "alyant",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "adjective",
"3": "plural and weak singular",
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"8": "{{{3}}}",
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},
"expansion": "alien (plural and weak singular aliene)",
"name": "head"
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "alien (plural and weak singular aliene)",
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
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{
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],
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"Outside",
"outside"
],
[
"alien",
"alien#English"
],
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{
"glosses": [
"Religiously outside; heretical, erring; of false religion or morals."
],
"links": [
[
"heretical",
"heretical"
],
[
"erring",
"erring"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Distant, isolated, secure, away (from something)"
],
"links": [
[
"isolated",
"isolated"
],
[
"away",
"away"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Under the authority of other nation's religious institutions."
],
"links": [
[
"authority",
"authority"
],
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"institutions",
"institutions"
]
],
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"(rare) Under the authority of other nation's religious institutions."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Not relating to or of oneself; not natural (to one's body)."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Not relating to or of oneself; not natural (to one's body)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Bizarre, weird, exotic."
],
"links": [
[
"weird",
"weird"
],
[
"exotic",
"exotic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Bizarre, weird, exotic."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aːliˈɛːn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliɛn/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliant/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaːliau̯nt/"
}
],
"word": "alien"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Family",
"enm:Law",
"enm:People",
"enm:Property law",
"enm:Religion"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "alier"
},
"expansion": "Old French alier",
"name": "bor"
}
],
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"head_templates": [
{
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"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "alien",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
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{
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}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"allien",
"allien#Middle_English"
]
],
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]
}
],
"word": "alien"
}
Download raw JSONL data for alien meaning in Middle English (7.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.